Advanced mapping techniques reveal that sympathetic nerve density increases in aging ovaries across both human and mouse models, with nerve ablation experiments demonstrating direct impacts on follicle development. The research identifies species-specific gene expression patterns in developing oocytes that converge at maturity, while age-related transcriptional changes prove more pronounced in oocytes compared to surrounding granulosa cells. This comparative framework addresses a critical gap in reproductive aging research, where mouse models have been extensively used despite incomplete understanding of cross-species differences. The neural component represents a particularly intriguing finding, suggesting the autonomic nervous system plays a more active role in ovarian aging than previously recognized. The identification of cortical follicle pockets in human ovaries and quantified density decreases provides new structural insights into human reproductive aging. While the study strengthens confidence in mouse models for certain aspects of ovarian biology, it also highlights important species differences that could influence translation of therapeutic interventions. The convergent gene expression patterns at oocyte maturity suggest conserved molecular mechanisms that could represent universal targets for reproductive longevity approaches.