A novel imaging technique combines TROP2 protein targeting with near-infrared fluorescence to provide real-time visualization of cancer boundaries and lymph node involvement during breast surgery. The approach uses NIR-II wavelengths, which penetrate deeper into tissue than conventional imaging while producing less background interference. This represents a significant advance in surgical precision technology, addressing one of oncology's most persistent challenges: ensuring complete tumor removal while preserving healthy tissue. Current margin assessment relies on frozen section pathology, which is time-consuming and often requires reoperation when residual cancer is discovered post-surgically. The TROP2 target is particularly promising because this protein is overexpressed in most breast cancers but minimal in normal tissue, creating strong contrast ratios. Real-time fluorescence guidance could reduce positive margin rates from the current 20-25% to single digits, potentially improving survival outcomes while reducing patient trauma from repeat procedures. The technology's ability to simultaneously identify metastatic sentinel lymph nodes offers additional staging accuracy. While promising, the approach requires validation in diverse patient populations and assessment of potential interference from neoadjuvant therapies that might alter TROP2 expression patterns.