Chronic kidney disease demonstrated the strongest association with cardiovascular disease among 307 Japanese adults aged 65 and older, showing a 5-fold increased risk (aOR 5.0). Hypertension carried a 4-fold risk, while sarcopenia, undernutrition, and low physical activity each increased CVD odds by approximately 2.5-2.7 times. Notably, kidney disease and frailty factors operated independently without synergistic effects. This finding positions kidney function as a critical but underappreciated cardiovascular risk marker in aging populations. The research fills an important gap by demonstrating that sarcopenia—muscle loss affecting up to 27% of older adults—represents an independent cardiovascular threat comparable to traditional metabolic risks. The absence of interaction between kidney disease and frailty suggests these pathways damage cardiovascular health through distinct mechanisms, potentially requiring separate therapeutic approaches rather than integrated interventions. However, this cross-sectional design cannot establish causation, and the study's Japanese population may limit generalizability to other ethnic groups. As a preprint awaiting peer review, these risk associations require validation through longitudinal studies before clinical implementation. The findings suggest cardiovascular screening should incorporate both kidney function and muscle health assessments.