Dihydromyricetin, a flavonoid found in Ampelopsis grossedentata (vine tea), demonstrates sophisticated senotherapeutic properties by modulating peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2) nuclear translocation to facilitate DNA repair in senescent fibroblasts while selectively eliminating senescent microglial cells with low PRDX2 expression. The compound reduced senescence-associated secretory phenotype markers and improved physiological outcomes in prematurely aged mice and Alzheimer's disease models. This dual mechanism represents a significant advance in senotherapy research, as most current senolytic compounds indiscriminately eliminate senescent cells regardless of their beneficial functions. The PRDX2-dependent selectivity could preserve useful senescent cells while removing harmful ones, particularly in neurodegeneration where senescent microglia contribute to inflammation. However, the study's reliance on animal models and artificial aging systems limits immediate clinical translation. The compound's established safety profile from traditional medicine use provides an advantage over synthetic senolytics. This finding suggests natural compounds may offer more nuanced approaches to cellular aging than current pharmaceutical interventions, though human trials remain necessary to validate therapeutic potential.