GLP-1 receptor agonists demonstrate therapeutic effects extending far beyond their established role in diabetes and obesity management, operating through multiple molecular pathways that influence glucose metabolism, inflammatory processes, and neuroprotection mechanisms. The drugs appear to modulate carcinogenesis pathways and provide cardiovascular benefits alongside their metabolic effects. This multisystem impact positions GLP-1 agonists as potentially transformative therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases, representing a significant expansion from their current clinical applications. The neuroprotective properties are particularly compelling given the limited treatment options for conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. However, the review format limits assessment of specific efficacy data, dosing protocols, or head-to-head comparisons across indications. The cardiovascular and cancer-related benefits warrant careful evaluation, as these represent substantial claims requiring robust clinical validation. While promising, the leap from metabolic to neurological applications requires rigorous Phase III trials to establish safety and efficacy profiles. This represents confirmatory evidence of GLP-1's broad therapeutic potential rather than breakthrough findings, though the systematic analysis of multi-pathway mechanisms provides valuable clinical context for ongoing research directions.