Population-level analysis reveals that African gut microbiomes harbor distinct bacterial profiles that appear to confer superior protection against age-related cognitive decline compared to Western microbiota compositions. The research identifies specific microbial taxa and metabolic pathways that differ markedly between populations, with African populations showing enhanced production of neuroprotective short-chain fatty acids and reduced inflammatory markers along the gut-brain axis. This finding builds substantially on the emerging field of geographical microbiome variation, which has previously documented how traditional diets rich in fiber and fermented foods create more diverse bacterial ecosystems. The practical implications extend beyond academic interest into potential therapeutic interventions. Adults in Western populations might benefit from targeted probiotic strategies or dietary modifications that mimic the beneficial microbial patterns observed in African cohorts. However, the observational nature of cross-population studies presents significant limitations—confounding factors like genetics, environmental exposures, and socioeconomic variables make direct causal attribution challenging. The research represents a compelling intersection of anthropological health patterns and microbiome science, suggesting that modern Western dietary practices may inadvertently compromise neurological resilience through microbiotal disruption.