A comprehensive systematic review examining melatonin's therapeutic value in neurotypical children reveals substantial gaps in the evidence base, despite exponential growth in pediatric prescriptions worldwide. The analysis found insufficient high-quality data to support routine melatonin use in children without neurodevelopmental conditions, highlighting a concerning disconnect between clinical practice and scientific validation. This evidence gap becomes particularly significant given melatonin's widespread adoption as a seemingly benign sleep aid for children. Unlike adults, where melatonin research shows clearer benefits for circadian rhythm disorders and jet lag, pediatric applications lack robust clinical trial data. The hormone's role in childhood development remains poorly understood, with potential implications for natural melatonin production and circadian system maturation. Most existing pediatric studies focus on children with autism spectrum disorders or ADHD, leaving neurotypical children's responses largely unstudied. The review underscores medicine's tendency to extrapolate adult findings to pediatric populations without adequate safety and efficacy testing. As parents increasingly turn to melatonin for behavioral sleep issues, this analysis suggests that non-pharmacological interventions—sleep hygiene, consistent bedtimes, screen time reduction—may warrant prioritization over supplementation until more definitive pediatric research emerges.