Burnout represents a specific physiological and psychological state distinct from ordinary stress, characterized by prolonged activation of stress response systems without adequate recovery periods. The condition manifests through three core dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced sense of personal accomplishment. This neurobiological pattern differs from acute stress responses and involves dysregulation of cortisol rhythms and inflammatory pathways. The emerging understanding positions burnout as a legitimate health condition rather than simply workplace dissatisfaction. Recovery requires deliberate intervention beyond standard stress management approaches. Evidence suggests that boundary-setting behaviors and structured self-care protocols can restore normal stress response functioning, but the process typically requires weeks to months rather than days. The syndrome appears increasingly prevalent in healthcare workers, caregivers, and high-demand professions, making it a significant public health concern. While workplace factors often trigger burnout, individual resilience factors including sleep hygiene, social support networks, and meaning-making practices play crucial protective roles. The condition's recognition in medical literature validates what many experience but struggle to articulate, potentially reducing stigma around seeking treatment for work-related psychological distress.