A systematic review of 28 clinical studies reveals that growth hormone therapy demonstrates beneficial effects on memory and cognitive function across multiple neurological conditions, including dementia, Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, and stroke. The GH-IGF-1 axis appears to stimulate neuronal progenitor cell proliferation and formation of new neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes, while influencing all brain cell types from neurons to vascular cells. This finding represents a potentially paradigm-shifting approach to neurological rehabilitation and neuroprotection. The therapeutic implications are substantial given the limited treatment options for these conditions and the aging population's vulnerability to cognitive decline. However, significant limitations temper enthusiasm: studies involved small patient cohorts, lacked standardized dosing protocols, and failed to control for confounding factors like sex hormone levels that independently affect brain function. The review suggests prolonged administration and supraphysiological doses yield superior outcomes, but this raises safety concerns for clinical implementation. While promising, the evidence remains preliminary and requires large-scale randomized controlled trials with standardized protocols before GH therapy can be considered a viable therapeutic intervention for brain regeneration in clinical practice.