A community survey of 358 mother-child pairs in rural Ondo State, Nigeria reveals a striking paradox: 93.3% of households experienced food insecurity while 58.4% of mothers were overweight or obese. Children bore the heaviest burden with 39.3% stunted, 29.1% wasted, and 42.1% underweight. Surprisingly, maternal education and income showed no significant association with child undernutrition, suggesting environmental factors override individual socioeconomic status. This double burden of malnutrition reflects Nigeria's nutrition transition toward energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods that leave households simultaneously overfed and undernourished. The findings illuminate a critical gap in global nutrition policy: food security programs typically address quantity rather than quality. While mothers gain access to cheap, processed calories leading to obesity, children remain malnourished from inadequate nutrient density. The research highlights how breastfeeding duration and complementary feeding practices significantly predicted child wasting outcomes. As a preprint awaiting peer review, these results require validation, but they underscore an urgent need for localized interventions that address food quality alongside food access in communities undergoing rapid dietary transitions.