Twenty-four plant-derived compounds demonstrate precise targeting of seven distinct ion channel types, with each structural class—alkaloids, terpenoids, lignans, polyphenols, and aromatics—exhibiting characteristic channel specificity patterns. Alkaloids predominantly suppress voltage-gated potassium currents, while terpenoids like cannabidiol affect multiple channel types including M-type potassium and hyperpolarization-activated cation currents. Polyphenols such as curcumin and resveratrol target both sodium and potassium channel subtypes with diverse gating effects. This systematic mapping represents a significant advance in understanding how plant medicines work at the cellular level. Ion channels control fundamental processes from heartbeat rhythm to neural firing, making their modulation by phytochemicals a key mechanism underlying traditional medicine effects. The research provides molecular explanations for both therapeutic benefits and toxicities—like aconitine's proarrhythmic properties through combined sodium and potassium channel effects. This mechanistic framework could accelerate drug discovery by identifying which plant compounds to pursue for specific conditions requiring particular ion channel targets, while flagging potential cardiac or neurological risks during development.