Cell-based therapies demonstrate multi-targeted approaches against Alzheimer's disease by addressing amyloid-β plaques, hyperphosphorylated tau tangles, neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss simultaneously. Mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, immune cells, and engineered cellular variants provide neurotrophic support, immunomodulation, and pathological protein clearance—capabilities that remodel the brain's hostile microenvironment while promoting neuroregeneration. This represents a paradigm shift from traditional single-target pharmaceutical approaches that have largely failed in Alzheimer's treatment. The multi-modal mechanism addresses the disease's complex pathophysiology more comprehensively than current symptomatic medications. However, significant translational hurdles remain, including optimal cell sourcing, delivery methods, intervention timing, and standardized manufacturing. The field's trajectory toward personalized treatment regimens and combination with gene editing technologies positions cellular therapy as potentially transformative for disease modification rather than mere symptom management. While preclinical evidence appears robust, the clinical reality check will determine whether this represents incremental progress or genuine breakthrough therapy for the 55 million people worldwide living with dementia.